Leonidas Plaza Gutiérrez (1865-1832)

During his second presidential period (1912-1916), Plaza Gutiérrez had to confront the uprising guerrilla of Colonel Carlos Concha in Esmeraldas, who sought to claim the name of Eloy Alfaro, dramatically lynched in Quito on January 28, 1912. While it is true that place responsibility in the death of the general could not be verified (precisely that day was in Manabí), yes it's true that he turned out to be the most benefited. Another difficulty that had to deal with was the great economic crisis, caused by the collapse of the cocoa market and the effects of the first world war. Square, in this second period, broke into the arms of the bourgeois commercial and banking sector. In fact, State, that had been freed of the Church, became dependent on the banking. If square was the axis politician that called plutocratic period (1912-1925), Guayaquil banker Francisco Urvina Jado became the financial axis. The war against the "Conchista revolution" absorbed nearly the attention of the ruler during the four years and badly harmed the economy and politics of the country. During this second tenure he also insisted on education, however, now supported the Minister Luis Napoleón Dillon and the German educational mission; He promoted the education of women with the founding of the Rita Lecumberri Normal School in Guayaquil, and the Liceo Fernández Madrid in Quito; even improved economic benefits to teachers.

International politics defined the limits with Brazil by the Treaty Tobar-Rio Branco (1904), and by the Muñoz Vernaza-Suárez Treaty with Colombia (1915). To succeed the revolution of 1925 Juliana, Plaza had to seek asylum in the Embassy of argentina, then out to a volunteer in the United States exile, until in 1929 the Government of Isidro Ayora authorized their return to the country. Three years later he died in a bank from the railway station of Huigra, victim perhaps of a heart attack, as he traveled to Guayaquil in search of relief for his broken health.

Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno (1859-1951)

Politician, lawyer and Ecuadorian writer, born in Guayaquil in 1859, and died in New York in 1951, who was President of the Republic during the period 1916-1920. He learned latin and languages, and acquired a deep love of literature, which cultivated throughout his life. He took the Presidency of the Republic on four occasions; the longer period was from March 23 to June 12, 1905. Finally, he was elected President for the period 1916-1920.

The country was ruined by the armed struggle in Esmeraldas and divided after the murder of Eloy Alfaro. Under the rule of Baquerizo, the press enjoyed freedom and the country lived in relative tranquility, after was granted amnesty to shell and yours. In the labour field, it established the day of eight hours a day. Also, and for the benefit of the Indians, he sanctioned the Abolition Act of the concertaje by the removal of the personal urgency for debts. However, he could not weather the economic situation very impaired as a result of the first world war and the terrible plagues that struck the cocoa, virtually the only Ecuadorian export product.

In the international field, the Treaty Muñoz Vernaza-Suárez, which defined the limits with Colombia was signed during this Government. As President, Baquerizo Moreno visited the Galapagos Islands and founded the city that bears his name and which today is the capital of the province.  Plagued by illness, he was taken to New York, where he died after a delicate operation.

José Luis Tamayo

Lawyer and politician, was born in Chabduy, in 29 de julio de 1858. his administration developed under the guardianship of certain economic group who controled the political parties in our country.
During his presidential period the social unrest increased and the mayority of the people fought back against the plutocratic dominio.  The presidentwrote and approved a new law to regulate the working hour, overtime payment, and indemnification agreement, but the low economic situation caused riots all over the country. In 1922 the economic crisis was increasing due to the drop in cacao exportations. A general riot started in Guayaquil  on November 15th, the streets were empty and people went to the streets to protest against the govermemt. cabe destacar a este respecto la huelga del 15 de noviembre de 1922 en Guayaquil, the ecuadorian army had orders to kill the people to stop the riot. More than 500 people died and their corpses were thown to the Guayas river. The opposition took advantage of this event and with the news in the newspapers, opposition parties could end his goverment. During this period of time the lower clases increased.

Gonzalo Segundo Córdova y Rivera 

July 15, 1863 – April 13, 1928. He  was President of Ecuador from 1924-1925. Like his immediate predecessors in the Liberal Party, he was considered to be a part of "La Argolla" ("the ring"), a plutocracy group of coastal agricultural and banking interests whose axis was the Commercial and Agricultural Bank of Guayaquil led by Francisco Urbina Jado.

Popular unrest, together with an ongoing economic crisis and a sickly president, laid the foundations for a bloodless coup against Córdova in July 1925. Unlike previous coups in Ecuador, the 1925 coup was in the name of a collective grouping, the League of Young Officers, rather than a particular caudillo.