Presidents of Ecuador: José Placido Caamaño

José Placido Caamaño

José Plácido Caamaño was born in Guayaquil in 1838 and died in Spain in 1901. He was president of Ecuador from 1883 to 1888. He participate against the revolt against the president Borrero. He wanted to follow García Moreno's footsteps. Among his important work we can highlight the railways and telegraphs he built, several highschools and many schools. He was accused of bribery.

Presidents of Ecuador: Ignacio de Veintimilla

Gral. Ignacio de Veintimilla

Ignacio de Veintimilla was born in 1832 and died in 1908. He was president of Ecuador two times, his first presidential period was from 1876 to 1878. His second presidential period was from 1882 to 1883. And he was president "de facto" from 1876 to 1883. His intentions to remain president led him to proclaim himself a dictator. But a revolt against him overthrew him and sentenced him to exile. Among his most important work are important buildings as theaters and hospitals. 

Presidents of Ecuador: Antonio Borrero y Cortazar

Antonio Borrero y Cortazar

Antonio María Vicente Narciso Borrero y Cortazar was born in 1827 and died in 1911. He was president from 1875 to 1876. He established three fundamental principles in his presidency: freedom of press, supremacy of the constitution and free right to vote. Part of his work has the beginning of progress in the country. He built part of the Quito-Guayaquil railway, a hospital in Ibarra and roads to connect the coast to the south part of the country. His presidency was focus on doing the opposite from his predecessor. He was exiled by Ignacio de Veintimilla after he betrayed Borrero and was name President.  

Presidents of Ecuador: Javier Espinosa

Javier Espinosa

Javier Espinosa was born in Quito in 1815 and died in 1870.  He was president from 1868 to 1869. He respected electoral freedom and organized the right to vote to elect a successor. He started public works and founded several banks in Guayaquil. He appointed García Moreno to take care of rebuilding Ibarra after the earthquake of August 16, 1868.

Presidents of Ecuador: Jerónimo Carrión.

Jerónimo Carrión

Jerónimo Carrión y Palacio was born in Loja in 1804 and died in 1873. He was president of Ecuador from 1865 to 1867. He was a vice president and helped García Moreno in the rebellion against Robles and Guillermo Franco. He took into account education and culture, he also promoted agriculture, built important roads and considered economic and social issues. He formalized the national anthem.

Presidents of Ecuador: Francisco Robles

Francisco Robles

Francisco Robles García was born in 1811 in Guayaquil and died in 1893.He was president of Ecuador from 1856 to 1859.  His presidency was focused on the same liberal and reformist tendencies of his predecessor. He achieved progress in education, agriculture and cattle trade. He abolished the law of personal contribution of the indigenous people, distributed the Civil Code and tried to reorganize the English debt. During the last year of his presidential period the country went into severe political crisis. He resigned the presidency in 1859.

Presidents of Ecuador: José María Urbina

José María Urbina

José María Urbina was born in 1808 and died on 1891. He was President of Ecuador from 1851 to 1856. Urbina participated in the revolt that overthrew Juan José Flores.  In his presidency he developed a reformist policy. He expelled Jesuits and reoreinted the economy in the country. He defended human rigths and granted concessions to indigenous people. Slavery was legally abolished during his presidency with a decree signed on September 27, 1852.

Presidents of Ecuador: Diego Noboa y Arteta

Diego Noboa y Arteta

Diego Noboa y Arteta was born in 1789 and died in 1870. He was president of Ecuador for only six months, from 1850 to 1851. He was an interim president. He characterize for being an honorable and peaceful man. During his short administration he gave shelter to Jesuits who had been exiled from Colombia.

Presidents of Ecuador: Manuel Ascázubi

Manuel Ascázubi

Manuel Ascázubi y Matheu was born in Quito in 1804 and died in 1876. He married Carmen Salinas de la Vega, she was Juan de Salinas' daughter. Ascázubi's presidential period was from 1849 to 1850. Among his most important work there is the foundation of Dominican schools in order to promote popular education. He improved health and education. He also demostrate honesty and honorable management of public funds.

GOING TO or WILL?

Look at the exercises, read the explanation at the end of each sentences and decide if you have to use GOING TO or WILL to complete the sentences. Remember that you have to use: IS, ARE or AM before GOING TO. Use the verbs in the parenthesis.

Example: I'm going to go on vacation next month. (Prediction seen- with evidence)
               She will be an actress or a singer. (Prediction beleive- without evidence)

1) Philipp ______________________________ (be) 15 next Wednesday. (Fact)

2) They _______________________________ (get) a new computer. (Prediction seen)

3) I think my mother__________________ (like) this CD. (Spontaneous decision)

4) Paul's sister _______________________ (have) a baby. (Prediction seen)

5) They ______________________________ (arrive) at about 4 in the afternoon. (Fact)

6) Just a moment. I _________________ (help) you with the bags. (Spontaneous decision)

7) In 2020 people ____________________ (buy) more hybrid cars. (Prediction believe)

8) Marvin _________________________  (throw) a party next week. (Prediction seen)

9) We ___________________________ (fly) to Venice in June. (Fact)

10) Look at the clouds! It ______________________ (rain) soon. (Prediction seen)

Future Tense: GOING TO vs WILL

ESL GAMES + (http://www.eslgamesplus.com/) is a wonderful page that will help you understand and learn verbs, grammar and vocabulary. Games are very important for learning because you are motivated and enjoy the language. 

So, lets play Spin the Wheel!! Follow the instructions and enjoy learning how to use GOING TO or WILL! 

Click here to play:
http://www.eslgamesplus.com/future-forms-review-spin/

Let's play to learn!!

ENGLISH ONLINE  (http://www.english-online.org.uk/) is a wonderful page that will help you understand and learn verbs, grammar and vocabulary. Games are very important for learning because you are motivated and enjoy the language. 

So, get the frog across the pond by choosing the right lily for him to jump on to. If you click on the lily with the correct past tense form of the verb, the frog will jump there. If you click on the wrong lily, the lily will sink, and the snake will eat the frog. Good luck. Save the frogs!

Click here to play:
http://www.english-online.org.uk/games/pasttense2.htm

Slavery in Latin America

The African presence in Latin America has a profound affect on the culture from Mexico to the Bahamas and Brazil.  Black slaves and freedmen arrived in America during the early stages of exploration and settlement.  By the first decades of the sixteenth century they were regularly participating in Spain's military expeditions. Spaniards considered Indian workers to be weak and unreliable.  Whenever possible they would buy African slaves.  This lead to and increase in the importation of Africans.  As the agriculture of sugar and coffee increases, so did the demand for slaves.

Life was harsh for the slave in Latin America.  Some slaves did have more freedoms than the slaves of North America.  Marriage was allowed in some areas and some slaves were even taught to read and write.  In fact, Colonial Brazil had the highest recorded number of legal marriages among slave regions in Latin America. Whether in the city or on a plantation, slaves were at the mercy of their owners.   Runaways were common and even suicide was and answer for some.  Because most slaves were baptized upon arrival to the New World, the Catholic Church did come to the defense of slaves.  Some brotherhoods raised money to purchase the freedom of some of their slave members.  

Web: http://slavery2003.tripod.com/fromafricatoslavery/id6.html

Please watch the video and answer the questions.

Questions:

1. Who were the empires involved in the slave trade in Latin America?
2. Why did the above empires rely so much on slave labor?
3. Why from Africa and not Native Americans?
4. What was the triangular trade?
5. What was the Middle Passage?
6. When were slaves brought to Latin America?
7. Where were slaves located in Latin America? (Specific countries)
8. How did African slavery impact Latin America?

Presidents of Ecuador: Vicente Ramón Roca

Vicente Ramón Roca

• He was born in 1792 and died in 1858.
• Presidential period: from 1845 to 1849.
• He was one of the leaders of March Revolution. He built the Government palace in Quito and the Governors house in Cuenca. He built roads and bridges.
• He faced the threat of a new conquest of Ecuador lead by Juan Jose Flores and supported by the Queen of Spain.

Presidents of Ecuador: Vicente Rocafuerte

Vicente Rocafuerte

• He was born on May 1st, 1783 and died on May 16th, 1847.
• Presidential period: from 1835 to 1839.
• He was the first Ecuadorian president. He belonged to a high social class and studied in Europe, he enjoy reading revolutionary books.
• He’s considerate to have established the organic bases of Ecuador as a republic.
• Important work: built schools, high schools and museums.  Created the careers of Philosophy, Law and Medicine.  Built new roads. He opposed the influence of clergy in secular affairs.

Suffixes and Prefixes

SUFFIX		PREFIX
-able	-ment	In-
Changes verbs into adjectives	Changes verb into nouns	Changes adjectives into negative
Breakable	Government	Inactive
Readable	Payment	Inconsistent
understandable	Statement	Inadequate
Drinkable	Arrangement	Incoherent
Acceptable	Enjoyment	Inaccurate
Recognizable	Movement	Incapable
Noticeable	Entertainment	Inconsistent
Unexplainable	Management	Inconsiderate
Untouchable	Agreement	incomparable
Unforgivable	Abandonment	Indelicate
Unforgettable	Argument	incompetent
Disposable	Appointment	indecent
Available		Incorrect
		Incredible
		Insufficient

Adjectives and Prepositions list!

Adjective	Preposition	Adjective	Preposition
accustomed	to	different	from
accused	of	disappointed	with
addicted	to	excellent	in/at
annoyed	about/with/at	excited	about
allergic	to	famous	for
amazed	at/by	frightened	of
aware	of	friendly	with
angry	with	fond	of
afraid	of	furious	about
bad	at	generous	with/about
bored	with	guilty	of/about
capable	of	gentle	with
careful	with/about/of	good	at
crazy	about	happy	about
curious	about	identical	with/to

Adjective	Preposition	Adjective	Preposition
impressed	with	sad	about
interested	in	scared	of
jealous	of	serious	about
kind	to	sick	of
keen	on	similar	to
late	for	shocked	by
nervous	of/about	slow	at
patient	with	sorry	for/about
pleased	with	sure	of/about
polite	to	surprised	at
proud	of	terrified	of
punished	for	tired	of
ready	for	thankful	to/for
respectful	for	upset	about
responsible	for	wrong	with/about