Ecuador-Peru Border War (1941)
Ecuador and
Peru share a long border made up largely of jungle and high mountains. As is
the case with many such borders around the world, disputes arise, and conflict
breaks out. In this century, these Latin American neighbors have fought three
times, (1941, 1981 and 1995), over the area known as the Cordillera del Condor
region. After much bloodshed and, since 1995, much negotiating, these Andean
nations signed a peace accord on October 26, 1998.
BEGAN: July 5, 1941
ENDED: July 31, 1941
The territorial dispute between
Ecuador and Peru originated in Spanish Colonial times. Upon independence,
Ecuador joined what is now known as"Great Colombia", comprised of the
territories of Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia and Panama (then a part of
Colombia). In 1829, the Treaty of Peace and Limits of Guayaquil was signed. Subsequently,
in 1830, Pedemonte-Mosquera Protocol was signed. They established the
Marañon-Amazon River as the border between Peru and Ecuador; however, Peru has
contested these agreements. Between 1936 and 1938, representatives from Ecuador
and Peru attempted to negotiate a treaty in Washington, D.C., consequently, the
Peruvians withdrew from the negotiations. A series of border clashes were
fought in the years between 1938 and 1940. Peru decided to settle the matter by
force after a border clash in July 1941.
DESCRIPTION OF CONFLICT:
Ecuador was
unprepared to meet the July 5 Peruvian invasion. The much larger Peruvian army
of 13,000 men, supported by a battalion of armor, together with artillery and
air support (known as Group of the North or agrupamiento del Norte commanded by
General Eloy G. Ureta), moved quickly into the southern coastal province of El
Oro, threatening Guayaquil. The fewer than 1,800 Ecuadorian troops in the area
lacked air cover and could offer only limited resistance. The Ecuadorian
president's fear of being left unprotected from his political opponents led him
to keep the nation's best fighting forces in Quito. Peruvian forces also moved
into the disputed Amazonian territory without significant opposition. Peruvian
troops continuously attacked the nation's southern and eastern provinces until
a ceasefire went into effect on July 31. After a campaign lasting only three
weeks, an armistice was arranged.
The 1941 war with Ecuador was a major success for Peruvian forces. By
theend of the month, when military actions ceased, Peru held Ecuador's
southernmost province of El Oro and much of the disputed eastern jungle
territory that had been part of Ecuador since the 1830s.
The Rio Protocol of February 1942 awarded to Peru
some 205,000 square kilometers of previously disputed Amazon territory. The
subsequent Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries (Rio Protocol) imposed
on Ecuador acceptance of Peru's claims in the Amazonian region in return for
Peruvian withdrawal from Ecuador's coastal provinces.
Ecuador: Up to 400-500 killed
Peru: 107 members of Air Force, Army, and Guarda
Civil killed
Banana Boom
Dear students:
a) Watch the video and complete the sentences.
1. At the end of the 1940's (1948-1972) the _______________ and ________________ of banana icreased.
2. The causes of the Banana Boom were: Multinational _________________ in our country, great ______________ impact, ______________ from the highlands to the coast, urban _______________ and social impact.
3. Ecuador became the first banana _______________ in the world in___________.
4. The initial expansión process lasted until the latest _______'s.
5. The plage and ________________ that devastated ______________ and _________________ helped to increased the Ecuadorian banana production.
b) Watch the second video and write notes (5 ideas) about the problems of banana production and its consequences on workers.
No comments:
Post a Comment