Cronograma de Estudios 7EGB: 1st week August 3rd to August 6th

Use of English:

A.      Read each sentence. Unscramble the sentences.

1. the / protected / people / area / The

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2. room / cleaned / night / My / was / last  

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3. Jim / goal / was / by / The / scored  

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4. fresh / stew / made / was / I / my / with / vegetables 

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5. school / The / showed / movie / the/ was / in

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B.      Transform the sentences from the Active to the Passive voice. Passive voice.

1. Mountains provide resources. 

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2. Students learn English in school.

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3. We pack the suitcase. 

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4. She waters the plants. 

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5. They fold the clothes.

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Complete the 1^st conditional exercises with the correct form of the verb.

If you __________________ (send) this letter now, she_____________ (receive) it tomorrow. 

If I ____________ (play) the lottery, I _________________ (have) a chance to hit the jackpot.

If I _____________________ (find) your ring, I _________________ (give) it back to you. 

If I ______________________ (do) this test, I _____________________ (improve) my English. 

Simon _________________ (go) to London next week if he ___________________ (get) a cheap flight. 
2^nd Conditional. Read each sentence. Unscramble the sentences.

1. she / to / French, / move / If / France / spoke / would / she 

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2. If / I / time, / had / I / play / more / school / sports / after / could 

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3. earlier, / If / to / bed / went / you / you / tired / wouldn’t / so / be

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4. I / poem / you / If / poetry, / write / I’d / a / wrote 

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5. be / If / in / a contest, / I / happy / would / won / I / a prize

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Complete the 2^nd conditional exercises with the correct for of the verb.

If I __________________ (own) a lonely island, I __________________ (build) a huge house by the beach.

If I ________________ (be) rich, my life _____________ (change) completely.

If I ____________________ (hit) the lotery, I _________________ (be) rich.

I ____________________ (buy) a house in this neighborhood, if I ______________ (find) a nice one.

Peggy ________________ (go) shopping if she ________________ (have) time in the afternoon. 

Listening:  Listen to the video and complete the activities.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKzSEX0Ecys

FIRST CONDITIONAL EXERCISE

Fill in the blanks with information that you can hear from the video.

1)      If you go to Europe, you’ll have a wonderful time for your ____________________ and you can visit The __________________.

2)      If you go to that National Park, you’ll see many ________________.

3)      If you go to Disneyland, you won’t see any _____________, you’ll see Mickey Mouse.

4)      If you like __________, you can go to Colorado.

5)      If your husband doesn’t like this sport, probably he ______________ to go there.

Reading: Read the story about Helen Green. Choose a word from the box below. Write the correct word next to numbers 1–5. There is one example

Helen Green is a (0)......... clever............ girl who loves school. Helen likes learning and (1) .................................... out about old things, so she was very happy when her mum said, ‘Today, we are going to a place full of old things like cups, bowls, chairs, dolls and dinosaurs! Can you (2) .................................... where we are going to go?’ Helen’s little sister Lucy didn’t answer, but Helen shouted, ‘A museum!’ Mum smiled and said, ‘Helen’s right. Let’s go!’ When they were there, Mum took the girls to the dinosaur room, but Lucy didn’t want to go in. ‘What’s the matter? Why are you (3) ....................................?’ asked Helen. ‘The dinosaurs might eat me,’ said Lucy and she started to cry. ‘You mustn’t think that,’ said Helen. ‘Dinosaurs have been extinct for (4) .................................... .’ Lucy stopped crying because she was so surprised. She looked at her mum to see if she (5) .................................... with Helen. Then Lucy laughed, and the girls ran to look at the dinosaurs.

EXAMPLE

CLEVER           YESTERDAY                 GUESS                    FINDING               AFRAID

AGREED           DANGEROUS                FORGOT                SEEING                   CENTURIES

Writing: Escribir un parrafo de 100 palabras sobre lo que usted haría si ganara la lotería, con el título: If I won the lotery I would…

7EGB Social Studies: Final Review: The last 10 years.

Poverty

One of the biggest challenges nowadays is to overcome poverty in the world. According to the PNUD, Ecuador is the third Latin American country with the biggest development and growth in the quality of life. That means Ecuador has improved health, education and economy. According to the CEPAL in 2012, Ecuador reduced its poverty levels.

Environment

Ecuador is part of the Kioto protocol, the main objective is to reduce greenhouse effect gases and to take care of the environment. Nowadays Nature or Mother Earth is included in the constitution, it has several rights that are severely punished in case a person doesn´t respect those rights. Sadly not everyone fulfil those obligations and we continue destroying environment.

Social justice and Unity

With the National Plan of Wellbeing or “Plan del buen vivir” Ecuador wants to improve living conditions, social justice, eliminate inequality, poverty and create a united nation. Ecuador is a pluranational and pluricultural country because many nationalities and cultures live and share the same territory.

Integration

Ecuador is part of many international organizations that allowed and international interaction to share political, economic, commercial, cultural and scientific matters with different parts of the world.  Although we are part of these organisms we continue being an independent country and we don’t submit to other countries interest. As part of those international organisms we are obligated to follow all the treats, agreements and decisions establish by all the countries members of such organism. Some of these organizations are:

ONU 

OEA

CAN

CELA

ALBA 

OEI

DCD's Language Arts - 7EGB

DCD1 To understand words to describe the theater; to apply own experience to understand phrasal verbs through fill in the gap exercises.

DCD2 To read, understand, and discuss and adaptation of a scene from a play; to apply reading strategies to improve comprehension by filling a chart.

DCD3 To express opinion about daily life or leisure activities using adjective and infinitive verbs as subject through making simple sentences about their own lives.

DCD4 To understand words about buildings and places through sorting buildings by their use.

DCD5 To identify the main use of articles by understanding meaning and form of grammar structures.

DCD6 To read, understand and discuss a magazine article to sequence information by applying reading strategies.

DCD7 To understand words to describe castles by labeling pictures related to the topic.

DCD8 To read, understand and discuss a mystery text; to apply a reading strategy to complete a sequence diagram.

DCD9 To demonstrate understanding of different grammar structures to tell simple stories and express opinion.

Class 7EGB: PRESIDENTS FROM 1980’S TO THE PRESENT - Timeline

Jaime Roldós Aguilera

August 10^th, 1979 – May 24^th, 1981

He belonged to the “Concentración de Fuerzas Populares” political party, and his slogan was: “La fuerza del Cambio” that means the Force of change. His presidential period was very short; he and his wife died in an airplane accident in 1981.He was Abdalá Bucaram’s brother in-law. During his presidential period there was a military war with Peru in the Condor range, called the Paquisha war, this conflict stopped thanks to international intervention.  He supported and defended human rights.

Osvaldo Hurtado

May 24th, 1981 – August, 1984

After Roldós’ death, Hurtado took over power due to he was the former vice president. During his government there was a meaningful deficit, the prices of oil decreased and economic problems due to flooding in several provinces. The “Sucre” depreciated prices of fuels increased, prices of food and public services also increased and salaries froze.   Hurtado applied measurements established by the IMF. There were several riots organized by social movements against these measurements.

León Febres Cordero

August, 1984 – August, 1988

He belonged to the “Frente de Reconstrucción Nacional” political party; his slogan was “Pan, techo y empleo” which means “Food, home and jobs”. This political party was a union of the representatives of the conservator, liberals and “socialcristianos”. His government was aligned with the American president Ronald Reagan which dictated IMF laws and standards, such us depreciation of our currency, freeze wages, rise of fuels and public transport costs. The external debt increased as the poverty levels in popular sectors and the suburbs in the cities (guasmos and tugurios in Spanish).

In 1987 the Taura commandos kidnaped the president, demanding the liberation of the General Frank Vargas Pazzos who was imprisoned despise the fact that he had received political amnesty after declaring himself against the government. During Febres Cordero presidency there weren´t freedom of speech, human right were violated, many people was imprisoned illegally, illegal executions were made, radio stations which were against the government were closed and many people was kidnaped, tortured and killed.  Febres Cordero chased and repressed the subversive group “Alfaro Vive Carajo”. His government was characterized by the illegal tortures, kidnaps, executions and violations.

Rodrigo Borja

August, 1988 – August, 1992

He belonged to the “Izquierda democrática” political party. He respected our constitutional system but he kept the alignments of the IMF. His term was marked by a major national uprising in 1990, with Indian groups demonstrating in favour of such issues as land reform; the uprising and subsequent protests pushed the Ecuadoran government to recognize the land rights of these indigenous groups and address their other concerns. He couldn´t stop inflation. He started an alphabetization campaign and school breakfasts. He also increased salary.  

Sixto Durán Ballén

August, 1992 – August, 1996

He was member of the “Unión Republicana” political party. His government modernize the country with a neoliberal model. He eliminated subsides, increased the cost of fuels, reduced the number of public employees, privatized many companies and decreased inflation. Poverty increased and he renegotiated the external debt. He brought the government budget into balance, reduced trade barriers, brought Ecuador into the World Trade Organization, and encouraged foreign investment. The benefits of his accomplishments, however, were somewhat counterpoise by conflict: in early 1995, the boundary dispute with Peru erupted in a border war, leading to an impasse that persisted until a peace accord was signed on October 26, 1998. The country was left with a terrible crippling war debt.  From the mid-1990s to the early 21st century, Ecuador experienced several years of political upheaval, during which time many individuals served as president.

Abdalá Bucaram

August 10th, 1996 – February 6^th, 1997

He initiated several economic reforms, house planning and education programs which never ran. He became increasingly unpopular because of his erratic and controversial behaviour, and in early 1997 Congress removed him from office and replaced him with Fabián Alarcón Rivera.

Rosalia Arteaga

February 9^th, 1997 – February 11^th, 1997

Fabián Alarcón

February 11^th, 1997 – August, 1998

Jamil Mahuad Witt

August, 1998 – January 21st, 2000

Early in his term, Mahuad was confronted with a serious economic crisis that peaked in 1999. His unpopular austerity measures, implemented to address the crisis, and high rates of inflation resulted in public demonstrations against his leadership. In 2000 Mahuad made perhaps his most unpopular decision—to adopt the U.S. dollar as Ecuador’s currency. This proposal proved to be his ruin, and shortly after that he was removed from the presidency in a coup engineered by indigenous leaders and some members of the military, including Col. Lucio Gutiérrez Borbua.  He signed a peace treaty with Peru which ratified the “Protocolo de Rio de Janeiro” and gave The U.S.A a military base in Manta.  

Gustavo Noboa

January 22nd, 2000 – January 15th, 2003

Noboa followed through with Mahuad’s decision to convert Ecuador’s currency to the dollar, despite the plan’s unpopularity. However, this conversion, as well as a rise in oil prices, helped stabilize the economy in 2001.

Lucio Gutiérrez

January 15th, 2003 – April 20th, 2005

He stood in the 2002 presidential elections and won, taking office in 2003. He made some attempts at economic reform, but he did not have the cooperation of the National Congress and was initially limited in his success. Gutiérrez was removed from office in April 2005 and replaced with Vice Pres. Alfredo Palacio. Leader of the “Sociedad Patriotica” political party, he declared himself the best friend of the president George W. Bush, supported the Colombian plan against Guerrillero groups. Poverty and corruption increased during his government. His presidential period ended with a popular riot lead by the “Forajidos”.

Alfredo Palacios

April 20th, 2005 – January 15th, 2007

He made some fiscal reforms and work to improve electric plants. He improve and control the use of natural resourses.

Rafael Correa

January 15th, 2007 – Current

He was elected president in November 2006 member of the recent created political party “Alianza Pais”, with oil policy, poverty, debt, and relations with the United States as the main campaign problems. Correa, a supporter of populist Venezuelan Pres. Hugo Chávez and other left-leaning leaders, strengthened state control over the country’s oil resources, increased spending on social programs, and reduced ties to U.S. development organizations. In early 2008 he broke off diplomatic relations with Colombia after that country’s forces attacked a guerrilla camp inside Ecuador. Correa also received support from the majority of voters for his plan to devise a new constitution to fight long-standing corruption in Ecuador’s National Congress.

A draft constitution was approved by a special Constituent Assembly in July 2008, and more than 60 percent of Ecuadorian voters backed the new constitution in a referendum held in September. When the constitution entered into force in October 2008, the Constituent Assembly assumed the duties of the legislative branch, pending the election of the new National Assembly outlined in the constitution. The new constitution was the 20th since the country gained independence in 1830. He eliminated foreign military bases, offered free education through the college level, social security benefits for unpaid domestic work, and established greater national control over the oil and mining industries.

Correa won another four-year term, receiving more than 50 percent of the vote in the April 2009 presidential elections. In August 2012 Ecuador granted political asylum to Julian Assange, the Australian founder of WikiLeaks.  Correa secured another term as president in February 2013, when he was reelected in a triumph, capturing nearly 58 percent of the popular vote. His most important work has been the investments in health and education, taxes collection and decreasing poverty.

Neoliberalism: in Latin America

Overview of Theme  

Neoliberalism has existed in a number of related forms for hundreds of years, but its contemporary, orthodox form was first attempted in Chile following the overthrow of socialist President Salvador Allende in 1973. A team of University of Chicago economists, trained by Milton Friedman, worked with the IMF (International Monetary Fund) and dictator General Augusto Pinochet to completely restructure Chile’s economy, privatizing almost all public assets and violently repressing protestors and suspected sympathizers (Harvey 2005a:8; Hershberg and Rosen 2006b:4; Klein 2007:76-85; Winn 2004).  

Since the 1970s, it has expanded to become the dominant model for not only economic policies, but social and political policies as well. As such, it is difficult to separate contemporary Latin America from the birth, growth, and expansion of neoliberal economic policy both at home and abroad.  

But what is it?

Neoliberalism is often referred to in popular speech as “the free market.” David Harvey, perhaps the foremost writer on the history of neoliberalism, argues that “Neoliberalism is in the first instance a theory of political economic practices that proposes that human well-being can best be advanced by liberating innovative freedoms and skills within an institutional framework characterized by strong private property rights, free markets, and free trade” (Harvey 2005a:2).

In practice, this has led to “state pullback and decentralization, the privatization and marketization of almost everything, financialization and the emergence of the consumer citizen, the explosion of apocalyptic religiosities, and class consolidation and growing inequality" (Allison and Piot 2012:1).  

In essence, the state – government – should remove itself from the equation in order to allow the market to work naturally and efficiently to set prices. State-owned enterprises should be privatized, beginning with utilities and transportation and moving to social security, prisons, and health services. Under this ideology, capital should also be deregulated; that is, anything seen as a barrier to trade should be removed (Goldman 2005; Harvey 2005a; Ho 2009; Hudson and Hudson 2003).

More Than Just The Money

Neoliberalism is a form of economic organization, but what has interested anthropologists are the ways in which it has reformed people and societies. That is, in order for neoliberal systems to work, society – and the individuals which comprise it – must be figured and refigured in order to “fit” properly. Predicated on an unquestionable belief in individual freedom and individual rights, neoliberal ideological projects seek to make “subjects responsible for their own civility or savagery, development or regression, social health or disease” (Sawyer 2004:15). Individuals are then held responsible for their failure to develop, their failure to escape poverty, or their failure to get well, as systemic or institutional barriers to development or health are ignored or explained away (Biehl 2005; Biehl 2007; Harvey 2005a; Harvey 2005b; Harvey 2006; Ong 1988).  

In other words, “neoliberalism has now become a frame of mind, a cultural dynamic, an entrepreneurial personality type, and a rule of law that penetrates the most intimate relations people have with each other, state apparatuses, and their natural environments” (Goldman 2005:8).

From: Fischer, Kate. "Teaching Neoliberalism In/Of Latin America." Fieldsights - Teaching Tools, Cultural Anthropology Online, April 11, 2013, http://www.culanth.org/fieldsights/217-teaching-neoliberalism-in-of-latin-america

Ecuador in the 1980's

World context	Characteristics of the economy	External debt	Poverty and accumulation of the wealth
Prominent political events Americas ·         Ronald Reagan was elected U.S. President in 1980. Reagan pursued a hardline policy towards preventing the spread of communism, initiating a considerable buildup of U.S. military power to challenge the Soviet Union. ·         At the end of the decade, the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 would be followed in 1990 by the German reunification. ·         The United Kingdom was governed by the Conservative Party under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, the first female leader of a Western country. Under her Premiership, the party introduced widespread economic reforms including the privatization of industries. ·         She was also a staunch opponent of communism earning her the nickname 'The Iron Lady'. Electronics and computers Arcade games and video games had been growing in popularity since the late 1970s, and by 1982 were a major industry. Personal computers experienced explosive growth in the 1980s Music In the United States, MTV was launched and music videos began to have a larger effect on the record industry. Pop artists such as Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Duran Duran, Prince, and Madonna mastered the format and helped turn this new product into a profitable business. The Techno style of electronic dance music emerged in Detroit, Michigan during the mid- to late 1980s. Fashion Significant clothing trends of the 1980s include teased hair, ripped jeans, and neon clothing, shoulder pads, jean jackets, leather pants, aviator jackets, , skin-tight acid-washed jeans, miniskirts, leggings and leg warmers.	Economics ·         The early 1980s was marked by a severe global economic recession that affected much of the developed world. ·         International debt crisis in developing countries, reliance of these countries on aid from the International Monetary Fund. ·         Revival of laissez faire/neoliberal economics in the developed world led by the UK and US governments emphasizing reduced government intervention. In 1979 Ecuador returned to the democratic governments, there were many presidents who worsen the crisis. These presidents governed the country under the decisions and headlines of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). ·         Ecuador faced an economic crisis that last almost 30 years. ·         Inflation continuous affecting the economy. ·         Unemployment and underemployment increased. ·         Prices of exporting products decreased.	External debt increased during the 1980’s and 1990’s with international organisms like the IMF, the World Bank and several international banks.  Many private companies and banks acquired several private loans; the government took care of those and paid them with public resources.	During the 1980’s the IFM impose several economic setting according to the neoliberalism, that cause poverty, for example: ·         Increment of fuels prices. ·         Increment in public services prices. ·         Currency devaluation. Economic problems caused a low life level. There were 4 million poor people in Ecuador by that time. In the other hand bankers, company owners, exporters and importers became richer than ever in history. 20% of the population controlled 52% of the wealth in the 1990’s.

Class 5 7EGB: New Social Actors in Ecuador.

New Social Actors:	Industrialization and modernization originated big and small companies and factories which strengthened the bourgeois businessmen.  This also originated the working class, labour unions and more worker and farmers organizations. Finally the appearance of new banks gives bankers a new economic level incising their money.
Indigenous movements	These movements increased and got stronger during the 1960’s and 1970’s. They fought for equal rights and equal working conditions. Their struggle started with the agrarian reform and it is the main objective of this groups. Some examples are: ·         FENOC o FENOCIN (Federación Nacional de Federaciones Campesinas) ·         FEI (Federación Ecuatoriana de Indios) ·         FEINE (Federación Ecuatoriana de Indios Evangélicos) ·         ECUARUNARI
Pro-gender groups	These groups claim for equality and respect to de gender diversity. Homosexuals and lesbians started fighting for their rights in the 1960’s, today their groups are legal and appeared in the constitution.
Ecologists	Because of the environmental damage and contamination in Ecuador, specially the Amazon region, ecologist and environmental groups appeared to protect nature and stop the indiscriminate use of resources.  In 1971 a law to protect National parks and sanctuaries is approved, and in 1974 the first environmentalist organization is founded, “Fundación Natura”.
Theology of Freedom	To defend the right of the poorest in Ecuador was born the theology of freedom movement. The leader to this movement is Monsignor Leonidas Proaño.
Women organizations	These organizations started fighting for gender equality and equal rights. One of their main objectives was to eliminate violence to women and their families.
Other religions	New religious groups arrive to our country during the 1960’s, such as Christians, Evangelicals, Mormons, etc.
Music	Popular music and protest music arise in Latin America and Ecuador during the 1960’s and 1970’s. It has social and political lyrics. Singers like Facundo Cabral or Mercedes Sosa songs are some examples.